The kenpo curriculum attempts to offer a complete catalog of combat motion. It has literally dozens of different hand techniques, well over twenty different kicks, strikes with the knees, the elbows, the forearm, the back of the leg, even the wrists. You learn tackles, takedowns, throws, and falls. Traps, locks, chokes, and strangulations. You even learn how to hurt your opponent using THEIR body.
In short there's a wide range of grappling and striking techniques, both circular and linear. Almost anything you could think of, using almost every part of your body, to hurt, injure, maim, or kill an attacker. Kenpo has it.
But it's up to the student to train the material. And most of us rely on our kenpo self defense technique practice for the bulk of that training. And that's great, because the techniques give us a context within which all these movements take place, and they allow us to see first hand how the human body reacts to applied force.
But the self defense techniques are heavily weighted towards upper body basics, and unless we supplement that training with pad and bag work, we end up with fast, accurate hand technique and sloppy, uncoordinated kicks.
Which is precisely why we should all spend more time practicing our kicks. In the air. On the shields. On the body. Because the only way to get better is to train more.
But the benefits of training our kicks go far beyond just improving our kicking technique. Every time you execute a front kick you are engaging a long string of heavy, powerful muscles. And doing so burns calories, increases muscular strength, improves balance, and increases flexibility and range of motion. Kicking also incorporates a number of minor secondary movements such as pivoting the supporting leg, turning the torso, and flexing the abdominal muscles. It's a whole body workout, and you'll see the results all over your kenpo.
You see, when you practice kicking technique, you learn more about ground leverage, and rotational energy, and snapping and thrusting, and back up mass. And all those lessons translate directly into your hand techniques.
So the more you practice your kicks, the better your kicks will be. The better your punches and handswords will be. The better your neutral bow will be. The more effective your throws. You are learning a complex, interconnected series of physical skills, and the more you train any of them, the better they all become.
Getting good at martial arts is a matter of improving a hundred skills one percent at a time. You're laying the foundation for your future performance with every drill, every repetition, every kick. Make it a strong foundation, and you will build a mighty fortress.
Drills -
Beginner: Practice each of your kicks on the heavy bag ten times, each leg, for each of the letters in F.A.S.P. Form, Accuracy, Speed, Power.
Intermediate: Practice "three hit kenpo" using only kicks and sweeps.
Advanced: While sparring, Student A uses only kicking techniques and sweeps. Student B uses only hand techniques and grapples. Alternate.
Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Sunday, October 24, 2010
The Next Two Considerations of Combat
3. Positions
The positions of the combatants is a key determing factor in identifying the targets and weapons appropriate to the engagement. Understanding the concepts of Constant and Relative Centerline will allow the student to disect the opponent's position relative to the position of the student.
The opponent's position needs to be identified with regards to height, width, and depth zones, as well as the specific positions of the opponent's natural weapons.
Determing the height of the opponent is more than a mere determination of his stature. The student must determine whether he is standing, kneeling, crouching, slouching, etc. If the opponent appears to be slouching in his stance, it could be because he has pre loaded his legs to spring forward. It could also affect the power of the opponent's strikes.
Determing the width of the opponent's stance can help the student to understand which weapons are closest to his own targets, as well as what defensive maneuvers he may need to execute in order to defend against those weapons.
Determing the depth of the opponent's stance can help the student to understand whether the opponent intends fight or flight. An opponent with his legs spread far apart may be less prepared to flee, and by extension, more likely to stay in an escalating situation. An opponent who has drawn his stance in tighter may be preparing to flee, however, he may also be preparing to execute an offensive foot maneuver.
The position of the opponent's natural weapons is also important in determining what aggressive action to anticipate. Is the opponent prepared to execute a hand or foot strike? Has he raised his arms aggressively or defensively? Are his weapons within their natural range of motion? Are they near any weapons which he might introduce to the confrontation?
Similarly, instinctual responses can affect the opponent's position. Ducking the chin and blading the body are both instinctual responses to aggression, as is raising the arms to protect the head. Identifying these changes in the opponent's position can help the student determine the escalating threat level.
Just as range may determine whether or not to engage in conflict, positions are a determining factor in exactly how to do so.
4. Maneuvers
Foot maneuvers are often overlooked, but are one of the most important aspects of any violent confrontation.
Just as stances are the basis of all effective technique, foot maneuvers are the basis of all effective technique execution. Being able to turn a static fighting stance into a mobile weapon is the key to efficacy.
Foot maneuvers can be used to advance, retreat, or reposition the key actors within the combat arena. Knowledge of the correct and appropriate application of foot maneuvers not only allows the student to move safely and effectively, it also allows the student to identify the opponent's maneuvers within the environment, and allows for the incorporation of sweeps, trips, and throws into the repositioning of those actors.
In identifying the opponent's foot maneuvers the student can attempt to find flaws within the opponent's technique, as well as opportunities for entry techniques. Does the opponent lift his feet and step throught the environment, or does he shuffle or glide? If he lifts his feet, then perhaps he can be directed into an area littered with small obstructions which he may step on. Does he shift his weight more than is necessary? An understanding of weight distribution can assist the student in delivering throws and other off balancing techniques.
Foot maneuvers are more than just moving through the environment. They are also a way to sense the environment. A skilled practitioner can detect obstructions as he moves through the environment, and avoid them or incorporate them into his defense.
Drills -
Beginner: Practice each of your first five foot maneuvers from a neutral bow. Incorporate hand and foot technique. Once you've practiced strikes with foot maneuvers in the air begin again with a focus shield.
Intermediate: Student A assumes a fighting stance. Student B circles Student A, striking available targets. Change positions. Alternate.
Advanced: Students A and B close in any standing grapple. Without breaking contact, Students compete using foot maneuvers and body positioning for a single pre-selected goal such as stomps, rear position, sweeps, throws, etc. Practice with increasing intensity, paying special attention to control and joint safety, especially around the knees.
Ground Fighting: Practice escaping and standing from nine positions, using stand-up technique, box drill, and rolls.
Student A lays on back. Student B circles in standing position. Student A maneuvers on ground to keep legs between their torso and Student B, while Student B attempts to move into kicking range of Student A's head. Alternate.
The positions of the combatants is a key determing factor in identifying the targets and weapons appropriate to the engagement. Understanding the concepts of Constant and Relative Centerline will allow the student to disect the opponent's position relative to the position of the student.
The opponent's position needs to be identified with regards to height, width, and depth zones, as well as the specific positions of the opponent's natural weapons.
Determing the height of the opponent is more than a mere determination of his stature. The student must determine whether he is standing, kneeling, crouching, slouching, etc. If the opponent appears to be slouching in his stance, it could be because he has pre loaded his legs to spring forward. It could also affect the power of the opponent's strikes.
Determing the width of the opponent's stance can help the student to understand which weapons are closest to his own targets, as well as what defensive maneuvers he may need to execute in order to defend against those weapons.
Determing the depth of the opponent's stance can help the student to understand whether the opponent intends fight or flight. An opponent with his legs spread far apart may be less prepared to flee, and by extension, more likely to stay in an escalating situation. An opponent who has drawn his stance in tighter may be preparing to flee, however, he may also be preparing to execute an offensive foot maneuver.
The position of the opponent's natural weapons is also important in determining what aggressive action to anticipate. Is the opponent prepared to execute a hand or foot strike? Has he raised his arms aggressively or defensively? Are his weapons within their natural range of motion? Are they near any weapons which he might introduce to the confrontation?
Similarly, instinctual responses can affect the opponent's position. Ducking the chin and blading the body are both instinctual responses to aggression, as is raising the arms to protect the head. Identifying these changes in the opponent's position can help the student determine the escalating threat level.
Just as range may determine whether or not to engage in conflict, positions are a determining factor in exactly how to do so.
4. Maneuvers
Foot maneuvers are often overlooked, but are one of the most important aspects of any violent confrontation.
Just as stances are the basis of all effective technique, foot maneuvers are the basis of all effective technique execution. Being able to turn a static fighting stance into a mobile weapon is the key to efficacy.
Foot maneuvers can be used to advance, retreat, or reposition the key actors within the combat arena. Knowledge of the correct and appropriate application of foot maneuvers not only allows the student to move safely and effectively, it also allows the student to identify the opponent's maneuvers within the environment, and allows for the incorporation of sweeps, trips, and throws into the repositioning of those actors.
In identifying the opponent's foot maneuvers the student can attempt to find flaws within the opponent's technique, as well as opportunities for entry techniques. Does the opponent lift his feet and step throught the environment, or does he shuffle or glide? If he lifts his feet, then perhaps he can be directed into an area littered with small obstructions which he may step on. Does he shift his weight more than is necessary? An understanding of weight distribution can assist the student in delivering throws and other off balancing techniques.
Foot maneuvers are more than just moving through the environment. They are also a way to sense the environment. A skilled practitioner can detect obstructions as he moves through the environment, and avoid them or incorporate them into his defense.
Drills -
Beginner: Practice each of your first five foot maneuvers from a neutral bow. Incorporate hand and foot technique. Once you've practiced strikes with foot maneuvers in the air begin again with a focus shield.
Intermediate: Student A assumes a fighting stance. Student B circles Student A, striking available targets. Change positions. Alternate.
Advanced: Students A and B close in any standing grapple. Without breaking contact, Students compete using foot maneuvers and body positioning for a single pre-selected goal such as stomps, rear position, sweeps, throws, etc. Practice with increasing intensity, paying special attention to control and joint safety, especially around the knees.
Ground Fighting: Practice escaping and standing from nine positions, using stand-up technique, box drill, and rolls.
Student A lays on back. Student B circles in standing position. Student A maneuvers on ground to keep legs between their torso and Student B, while Student B attempts to move into kicking range of Student A's head. Alternate.
We Call it Offensive Defense
Most people call it sparring. But what exactly is sparring?
Well, first let's establish what it is not. Sparring is not self defense. It's not a real fight.
Instead, it's a competitive sport activity. It has rules, and judges, and specific allowable techniques and targets. The arena has boundaries, and there are time limits, and a set number of opponents. In self defense, there are no rules and nothing can be predicted. In sparring, every possible aspect of the engagement is accounted for and controlled.
In short, it's a game.
So why play the game? Especially if we are training for self defense? What possible use can there be in engaging in this activity if it doesn't match the parameters of our expected combat scenario?
Imagine a tennis player. They play a specific game on a specific size court with specific size racquets and specific rules. But is there anything they can learn from playing table tennis? Or racquetball? Or badminton? Those games are completely different, but they incorporate similar concepts involving ball spin and placement, racquet position, and court awareness.
For us, sparring serves a similar purpose. It isn't a real fight, but it can help us to learn and practice many combat skills which overlap with self defense. We can learn about environmental awareness, and striking combinations, and fighting while moving. We can see, and feel, what it is like to have someone hunting us, trying to hit us, trying to put us down. We can practice our techniques and our basics against a real, resisting opponent, and learn just what it takes to hit someone who doesn't want to be hit and what it takes to keep them from hitting us when they really, really want to.
That's why we spar. Because it may be a game, but it's a useful one. And it's a lot of fun too!
There are dangers associated with sparring as well which we must avoid in order to get the most out of it's practice. First, we must always remember that the rules which apply to sparring do not apply to self defense. In sparring, you can't kick your opponent in the knee, or punch him in the spine. Perhaps more importantly, he can't do those things to you. But in self defense, there are no judges to step in and put a stop to the engagement if you end up on the ground with multiple opponent's kicking you in the head and back. Training only for sparring will leave you unprepared both physically and mentally for self defense.
Second, sparring is alluring. The competitive nature, the accolades and trophies available to the athletic performer, all these things have a natural attraction to some people. And a certain kind of student can reach this point in his training and become lost. For some, competitive sparring is the end of the road. They enjoy the activity so much that they never learn to move beyond it, and in not progressing they miss out on all the glories which follow. Every step of your journey in the martial arts will be filled with wonder. Never doubt that the next lesson is greater and more awesome than the last. Such is the way with sparring. It is fun. It is exciting. Which is what makes it attractive to so many. But it is only a step in the journey, not the end of it.
Sparring is an intermediate drill. It is designed to teach specific skills to the student which are applicable in the wider arena of self defense. It is a testing ground, and a classroom. Learn to value it for what it has to offer. Learn to respect the dangers associated with sparring and to avoid the pitfalls that may slow your progress. Avoid unhealthy comparisons with your classmates and focus on your own journey. Learn to fight like a warrior, with courage and humility.
Because the greatest lesson sparring has to offer is that sometimes, we lose the fight. Sometimes we face bigger, stronger, tougher, more skilled opponents. When that happens in the school, we get a chance to try again. When it happens in the street, we may not.
So train hard. Fight well. And get better every time you step on the floor.
Drills -
Beginner: Practice two and three hit combinations against pads, shields, and the heavy bag. Try to incorporate linear and circular striking, kicks and punches, and inward and outward motion. One strike is easy to defend, multiple strikes are progressively more likely to succeed.
Intermediate: While sparring, Student A chooses one yellow belt self defense technique. Student B attacks with the specific attack for that technique and two other basic strikes. Each time they receive the appropriate attack Student A responds with their chosen technique, while sparring normally in response to the other two basic strikes. Alternate. Continue with each of your techniques.
Advanced: Carefully incorporate standing grappling techniques, leg kicking, takedowns, and ground fighting into your sparring.
Well, first let's establish what it is not. Sparring is not self defense. It's not a real fight.
Instead, it's a competitive sport activity. It has rules, and judges, and specific allowable techniques and targets. The arena has boundaries, and there are time limits, and a set number of opponents. In self defense, there are no rules and nothing can be predicted. In sparring, every possible aspect of the engagement is accounted for and controlled.
In short, it's a game.
So why play the game? Especially if we are training for self defense? What possible use can there be in engaging in this activity if it doesn't match the parameters of our expected combat scenario?
Imagine a tennis player. They play a specific game on a specific size court with specific size racquets and specific rules. But is there anything they can learn from playing table tennis? Or racquetball? Or badminton? Those games are completely different, but they incorporate similar concepts involving ball spin and placement, racquet position, and court awareness.
For us, sparring serves a similar purpose. It isn't a real fight, but it can help us to learn and practice many combat skills which overlap with self defense. We can learn about environmental awareness, and striking combinations, and fighting while moving. We can see, and feel, what it is like to have someone hunting us, trying to hit us, trying to put us down. We can practice our techniques and our basics against a real, resisting opponent, and learn just what it takes to hit someone who doesn't want to be hit and what it takes to keep them from hitting us when they really, really want to.
That's why we spar. Because it may be a game, but it's a useful one. And it's a lot of fun too!
There are dangers associated with sparring as well which we must avoid in order to get the most out of it's practice. First, we must always remember that the rules which apply to sparring do not apply to self defense. In sparring, you can't kick your opponent in the knee, or punch him in the spine. Perhaps more importantly, he can't do those things to you. But in self defense, there are no judges to step in and put a stop to the engagement if you end up on the ground with multiple opponent's kicking you in the head and back. Training only for sparring will leave you unprepared both physically and mentally for self defense.
Second, sparring is alluring. The competitive nature, the accolades and trophies available to the athletic performer, all these things have a natural attraction to some people. And a certain kind of student can reach this point in his training and become lost. For some, competitive sparring is the end of the road. They enjoy the activity so much that they never learn to move beyond it, and in not progressing they miss out on all the glories which follow. Every step of your journey in the martial arts will be filled with wonder. Never doubt that the next lesson is greater and more awesome than the last. Such is the way with sparring. It is fun. It is exciting. Which is what makes it attractive to so many. But it is only a step in the journey, not the end of it.
Sparring is an intermediate drill. It is designed to teach specific skills to the student which are applicable in the wider arena of self defense. It is a testing ground, and a classroom. Learn to value it for what it has to offer. Learn to respect the dangers associated with sparring and to avoid the pitfalls that may slow your progress. Avoid unhealthy comparisons with your classmates and focus on your own journey. Learn to fight like a warrior, with courage and humility.
Because the greatest lesson sparring has to offer is that sometimes, we lose the fight. Sometimes we face bigger, stronger, tougher, more skilled opponents. When that happens in the school, we get a chance to try again. When it happens in the street, we may not.
So train hard. Fight well. And get better every time you step on the floor.
Drills -
Beginner: Practice two and three hit combinations against pads, shields, and the heavy bag. Try to incorporate linear and circular striking, kicks and punches, and inward and outward motion. One strike is easy to defend, multiple strikes are progressively more likely to succeed.
Intermediate: While sparring, Student A chooses one yellow belt self defense technique. Student B attacks with the specific attack for that technique and two other basic strikes. Each time they receive the appropriate attack Student A responds with their chosen technique, while sparring normally in response to the other two basic strikes. Alternate. Continue with each of your techniques.
Advanced: Carefully incorporate standing grappling techniques, leg kicking, takedowns, and ground fighting into your sparring.
Saturday, October 23, 2010
Stretching the Truth
Everyone knows that it's important to stretch before you work out, right?
Wrong. It can actually be detrimental to your performance, and even result in injury.
Ok. That's not the whole truth either. The reality is that stretching is a general term which encompasses three major types of stretching approaches, static, dynamic, and ballistic. And it's important to know which to do, and when, in order to avoid injury and improve performance.
Let's start with a brief description of each type.
Static stretching is used to stretch muscles while the body is at rest. It is composed of various techniques that gradually lengthen a muscle to an elongated position and hold that position for 30 seconds to two minutes. Static stretching exercises involve specialized tension receptors in our muscles. When done properly, static stretching slightly lessens the sensitivity of tension receptors, which allows the muscle to relax and to be stretched to greater length.
Dynamic stretching is a form of stretching beneficial in sports utilizing momentum from form, static-active stretching strength and the momentum from static-active stretching strength, in an effort to propel the muscle into an extended range of motion not exceeding one's static-passive stretching ability. It is a type of stretching while moving. It increases range of movement, and blood and oxygen flow to soft tissues prior to exertion.
Ballistic stretching is a form of static stretching or dynamic stretching in a bouncing motion. Ballistic stretches force the limb into an extended range of motion when the muscle has not relaxed enough to enter it. It involves fast "bouncing" movements where a double bounce is performed at the end range of movement. Ballistic stretching has been found to be hazardous towards the body. It can injure vital muscles and nerves with the sharp jerking movements. It is even possible for tissue to be ripped off the bone.
Each of these types of stretching have a purpose, and a time in your training when they are most effective.
Dynamic stretching increases blood flow and releases tension, and should be done immediately prior to your workout during the "warm up" phase in order to prepare the body and help prevent injury. Static stretching increases long term flexibility and range of motion, and should be done immediately after your workouts as part of your "cool down," when the muscles are still warm and pliable. Ballistic stretching can increase long term range of motion but should never be done, ever, due to the high risk of serious injury it carries.
This is why we start each class with arm circles, leg raises, and shoulder rolls. The key to these exercises is not to "throw" your limbs into the stretch, but to consciously and deliberately move your body through the positions. Then, after each class, spend just a few minutes working on the flexibility in your hips, shoulders, and back. The long term health benefits are well worth the two or three minutes you'll spend reaching for your toes.
Remember, never bounce. Never "throw" your body. If it hurts, stop immediately. Discomfort is good, pain is bad. Listen to your body and never compare your flexibility or range of motion to someone else's. Only focus on what YOU can do to get better.
Proper stretching is an important part of every exercise routine. With the right care and maintenance your body will perform better, longer.
Drills -
Beginner: Listen to your body when you're stretching. Find the points of tension and focus on relaxing those muscles.
Intermediate: Use your forms and stance work as a time to explore your full range of motion. Exaggerate your movements and experience your poses.
Advanced: Practice locks slowly and carefully with a partner. Ask them to gradually increase the pressure until you tap, then try to relax into the lock to test your pain tolerance and full range. An extra half second may save your life. Never practice knee locks like this, as the knees are easily injured even before they are fully locked. Always tap!
Wrong. It can actually be detrimental to your performance, and even result in injury.
Ok. That's not the whole truth either. The reality is that stretching is a general term which encompasses three major types of stretching approaches, static, dynamic, and ballistic. And it's important to know which to do, and when, in order to avoid injury and improve performance.
Let's start with a brief description of each type.
Static stretching is used to stretch muscles while the body is at rest. It is composed of various techniques that gradually lengthen a muscle to an elongated position and hold that position for 30 seconds to two minutes. Static stretching exercises involve specialized tension receptors in our muscles. When done properly, static stretching slightly lessens the sensitivity of tension receptors, which allows the muscle to relax and to be stretched to greater length.
Dynamic stretching is a form of stretching beneficial in sports utilizing momentum from form, static-active stretching strength and the momentum from static-active stretching strength, in an effort to propel the muscle into an extended range of motion not exceeding one's static-passive stretching ability. It is a type of stretching while moving. It increases range of movement, and blood and oxygen flow to soft tissues prior to exertion.
Ballistic stretching is a form of static stretching or dynamic stretching in a bouncing motion. Ballistic stretches force the limb into an extended range of motion when the muscle has not relaxed enough to enter it. It involves fast "bouncing" movements where a double bounce is performed at the end range of movement. Ballistic stretching has been found to be hazardous towards the body. It can injure vital muscles and nerves with the sharp jerking movements. It is even possible for tissue to be ripped off the bone.
Each of these types of stretching have a purpose, and a time in your training when they are most effective.
Dynamic stretching increases blood flow and releases tension, and should be done immediately prior to your workout during the "warm up" phase in order to prepare the body and help prevent injury. Static stretching increases long term flexibility and range of motion, and should be done immediately after your workouts as part of your "cool down," when the muscles are still warm and pliable. Ballistic stretching can increase long term range of motion but should never be done, ever, due to the high risk of serious injury it carries.
This is why we start each class with arm circles, leg raises, and shoulder rolls. The key to these exercises is not to "throw" your limbs into the stretch, but to consciously and deliberately move your body through the positions. Then, after each class, spend just a few minutes working on the flexibility in your hips, shoulders, and back. The long term health benefits are well worth the two or three minutes you'll spend reaching for your toes.
Remember, never bounce. Never "throw" your body. If it hurts, stop immediately. Discomfort is good, pain is bad. Listen to your body and never compare your flexibility or range of motion to someone else's. Only focus on what YOU can do to get better.
Proper stretching is an important part of every exercise routine. With the right care and maintenance your body will perform better, longer.
Drills -
Beginner: Listen to your body when you're stretching. Find the points of tension and focus on relaxing those muscles.
Intermediate: Use your forms and stance work as a time to explore your full range of motion. Exaggerate your movements and experience your poses.
Advanced: Practice locks slowly and carefully with a partner. Ask them to gradually increase the pressure until you tap, then try to relax into the lock to test your pain tolerance and full range. An extra half second may save your life. Never practice knee locks like this, as the knees are easily injured even before they are fully locked. Always tap!
A Universe Filled with Motion
We speak of "linear" and "circular" strikes in kenpo. A front kick or a straight punch are "linear" strikes. A wheel kick or backknuckle are "circular" strikes. But even “linear" strikes are, in truth, circular paths of motion. The circles may be elongated, but due to the inherent shape of the human body, the weapons still rotate around a central axis in order to strike. So for instance, while a side thrust kick would be considered a "linear" technique, in order to execute that kick the leg must be rotated within the hip socket and the path of the foot from point of origin to point of execution will create an arc.
But even understanding that for the purpose of training we still delineate techniques into "linear" and "circular.” And we describe those paths with the Universal Symbols.
There are many versions of this image, but this one will suffice for this discussion.
Within the universal symbol we can see many instances where "circular" lines become "linear" and vice versa. We can imagine, for instance, an outward extended block could become an inward handsword strike such as in the technique Sword of Destruction. In that case, the path would look like this.
However, if you could turn that two dimensional image into a three dimensional one, you would see that image like this,
I took that image from Michael Billing's Kenpo Karate site, and he got it from Jeff Brady's New Mexico Tiger Dragon Kenpo Karate Site.
When viewed in three dimensions you can see that what was previously thought of as a "linear" movement, is in fact only linear from a limited perspective. In truth, while the hand may follow a linear path of motion from point of origin to point of execution, the arm rotates around the joint, which is attached to the core which rotates around the body's center, resulting in a complex interconnectedness of linear and circular movements.
So, while some techniques appear linear in execution, the structure of the body requires that they incorporate circular motion for execution.
Articulation of the body occurs at joints where two or more bones meet. Depending on which parts of the body are being articulated, different types of joints allow for different ranges of motion. While some of these joints allow for little or no articulation, others allow for a great deal of movement.
Amongst those that allow for the least range of motion are the synovial joints, like those which attach the individual pieces of the skull to one another. For our purposes, these joints allow for such limited articulation as to be unimportant to our discussion of motion, though understanding them has value when discussing targets. Amongst those which allow the greatest range of motion are the ball and socket type joints, like in the hips. While those joints allow for a greater range of motion, in a greater number of possible directions, they are still limited in many ways, and do not allow for infinite motion.
A great number of other factors, including the length of the bone and muscle fibers, and muscle strength, determine the range of articulation, but ultimately, while the movement of the individual parts of the body can be explored infinitely and categorized limitlessly, that motion itself is limited and finite.
So, when discussing how the relationships of circles incorporate "linear" techniques, we can take two divergent approaches. We can either say that the "linear" techniques run parallel and perpendicular to the circles in the techniques, which is akin to looking at the universal symbol in two dimensions, or we can acknowledge that "linear" techniques are in fact simply less obvious circular motions, which is akin to looking at the universal symbol in three dimensions.
For my purposes, I find that understanding both is important to the overall goal of understanding motion as it applies to self defense. When defending or attacking, the student should recognize that more linear or more circular paths of motion have benefits according to the specific context of the situation, for instance, linear motions may be faster or harder for the opponent to identify, while circular motions may be more powerful, more fluid, or circumvent the opponent's defenses. At the same time, the student should understand that "linear" and "circular" are artificial categorizations, and that his applications of motion incorporate circular movements, both in the path the weapon moves through and the way in which that weapon moves in relation to the body, ie. the articulation of the joints, and that his, and his opponent's weapons both have capabilities and limitations which must be considered, and can be exploited.
Drills -
Beginner: Identify each of your basics on your belt charts as either "linear" or "circular." Practice these basics on pads, paying special attention to the path of execution of each basic.
Intermediate: While sparring, Student A only uses "linear" techniques. Student B only uses "circular" techniques. Alternate.
Advanced: Student A faces 12 o'clock while Students B and C circle Student A. Students B and C may attack with single strikes any time they are standing between 9 and 3 o'clock relative to Student A. Student A defends and may attack Students B and C at any place on the circle, using "linear" and "circular" strikes according to their relative positions.
Ground Fighting: Student A on their back, Student B rotates through nine positions. Mount, Side Mount, Reverse Scarf, Scarf, North South, Reverse Scarf, Scarf, Side Mount, Mount. At each position, both Students pause to identify possible striking opportunities. Alternate. Increase intensity and introduce spontaneity.
But even understanding that for the purpose of training we still delineate techniques into "linear" and "circular.” And we describe those paths with the Universal Symbols.
There are many versions of this image, but this one will suffice for this discussion.
Within the universal symbol we can see many instances where "circular" lines become "linear" and vice versa. We can imagine, for instance, an outward extended block could become an inward handsword strike such as in the technique Sword of Destruction. In that case, the path would look like this.
However, if you could turn that two dimensional image into a three dimensional one, you would see that image like this,
I took that image from Michael Billing's Kenpo Karate site, and he got it from Jeff Brady's New Mexico Tiger Dragon Kenpo Karate Site.
When viewed in three dimensions you can see that what was previously thought of as a "linear" movement, is in fact only linear from a limited perspective. In truth, while the hand may follow a linear path of motion from point of origin to point of execution, the arm rotates around the joint, which is attached to the core which rotates around the body's center, resulting in a complex interconnectedness of linear and circular movements.
So, while some techniques appear linear in execution, the structure of the body requires that they incorporate circular motion for execution.
Articulation of the body occurs at joints where two or more bones meet. Depending on which parts of the body are being articulated, different types of joints allow for different ranges of motion. While some of these joints allow for little or no articulation, others allow for a great deal of movement.
Amongst those that allow for the least range of motion are the synovial joints, like those which attach the individual pieces of the skull to one another. For our purposes, these joints allow for such limited articulation as to be unimportant to our discussion of motion, though understanding them has value when discussing targets. Amongst those which allow the greatest range of motion are the ball and socket type joints, like in the hips. While those joints allow for a greater range of motion, in a greater number of possible directions, they are still limited in many ways, and do not allow for infinite motion.
A great number of other factors, including the length of the bone and muscle fibers, and muscle strength, determine the range of articulation, but ultimately, while the movement of the individual parts of the body can be explored infinitely and categorized limitlessly, that motion itself is limited and finite.
So, when discussing how the relationships of circles incorporate "linear" techniques, we can take two divergent approaches. We can either say that the "linear" techniques run parallel and perpendicular to the circles in the techniques, which is akin to looking at the universal symbol in two dimensions, or we can acknowledge that "linear" techniques are in fact simply less obvious circular motions, which is akin to looking at the universal symbol in three dimensions.
For my purposes, I find that understanding both is important to the overall goal of understanding motion as it applies to self defense. When defending or attacking, the student should recognize that more linear or more circular paths of motion have benefits according to the specific context of the situation, for instance, linear motions may be faster or harder for the opponent to identify, while circular motions may be more powerful, more fluid, or circumvent the opponent's defenses. At the same time, the student should understand that "linear" and "circular" are artificial categorizations, and that his applications of motion incorporate circular movements, both in the path the weapon moves through and the way in which that weapon moves in relation to the body, ie. the articulation of the joints, and that his, and his opponent's weapons both have capabilities and limitations which must be considered, and can be exploited.
Drills -
Beginner: Identify each of your basics on your belt charts as either "linear" or "circular." Practice these basics on pads, paying special attention to the path of execution of each basic.
Intermediate: While sparring, Student A only uses "linear" techniques. Student B only uses "circular" techniques. Alternate.
Advanced: Student A faces 12 o'clock while Students B and C circle Student A. Students B and C may attack with single strikes any time they are standing between 9 and 3 o'clock relative to Student A. Student A defends and may attack Students B and C at any place on the circle, using "linear" and "circular" strikes according to their relative positions.
Ground Fighting: Student A on their back, Student B rotates through nine positions. Mount, Side Mount, Reverse Scarf, Scarf, North South, Reverse Scarf, Scarf, Side Mount, Mount. At each position, both Students pause to identify possible striking opportunities. Alternate. Increase intensity and introduce spontaneity.
Thursday, October 21, 2010
Beginners: Relaxation and Communication
When you first step on the training room floor, it can be an intimidating experience. You're surrounded by strangers, wearing strange and uncomfortable clothing, and everyone seems to be speaking another language. It takes time to become comfortable with this new environment.
You will hear your instructors talk about relaxation. Relaxation is the key to speed. Relaxation is the key to flexibility. These aren't just lessons about your technique performance. Every lesson you learn in the studio has applications beyond the physical. If your mind is tight, (kime), you will hear less and learn slower. Instead, you must learn to cultivate the flowing mind, (mushin). Then you will be open to knowledge, and you will learn to love your mistakes, because they will contain new lessons.
Communicate with those around you. Ask questions. Learn names. To misquote Samuel Clemens, "familiarity breeds comfort." It's scary to get hit by strangers, it's less scary to get hit by your buddies. Let your instructors and your training partners know where you are at physically and mentally. Everybody's training experience is better when there is clear communication. Voice your concerns, and be generous with your praise. Never be afraid to ask for help. If you see that someone has a great front kick, ask them to show you how they got there. Someday new beginners will be asking you.
Every Master, of every skill, was a beginner once. The only difference between you and them is how many times they showed up to class.
Drills -
Beginner: Next time you're at the school, take a moment to close your eyes and feel the energy of the room. Try to sense the atmosphere of the space and make it your own. After all, it's your school too.
Intermediate: Take the time to attend a beginner class every once in a while. You'll be an example to the new students and you'll get to see just how far you've come in your own training.
Advanced: Help the beginner students with their material. You wouldn't be here without brown and black belts who pulled you up behind them. Now it's your responsibility to pass on the knowledge you have gained, just as it has always been. Master to student, hand to hand, for thousands of years.
You will hear your instructors talk about relaxation. Relaxation is the key to speed. Relaxation is the key to flexibility. These aren't just lessons about your technique performance. Every lesson you learn in the studio has applications beyond the physical. If your mind is tight, (kime), you will hear less and learn slower. Instead, you must learn to cultivate the flowing mind, (mushin). Then you will be open to knowledge, and you will learn to love your mistakes, because they will contain new lessons.
Communicate with those around you. Ask questions. Learn names. To misquote Samuel Clemens, "familiarity breeds comfort." It's scary to get hit by strangers, it's less scary to get hit by your buddies. Let your instructors and your training partners know where you are at physically and mentally. Everybody's training experience is better when there is clear communication. Voice your concerns, and be generous with your praise. Never be afraid to ask for help. If you see that someone has a great front kick, ask them to show you how they got there. Someday new beginners will be asking you.
Every Master, of every skill, was a beginner once. The only difference between you and them is how many times they showed up to class.
Drills -
Beginner: Next time you're at the school, take a moment to close your eyes and feel the energy of the room. Try to sense the atmosphere of the space and make it your own. After all, it's your school too.
Intermediate: Take the time to attend a beginner class every once in a while. You'll be an example to the new students and you'll get to see just how far you've come in your own training.
Advanced: Help the beginner students with their material. You wouldn't be here without brown and black belts who pulled you up behind them. Now it's your responsibility to pass on the knowledge you have gained, just as it has always been. Master to student, hand to hand, for thousands of years.
Advanced Students: Chokes and Strangulations
How much do you practice chokes and strangulations? Do you look for them in your techniques? Do you practice them alone as individual techniques? In a static or dynamic environment?
Here I'm defining strangulation as the prevention of oxygen to the brain, and choking as the prevention of air to the lungs.
Do you work these techniques on partners? Do you practice attacking and defending against these techniques? Standing and on the ground?
Do you practice tool assisted chokes and strangulations? Cords? Smothering? What about positional asphyxia? Do you practice defending against someone sitting on your chest and compressing your lungs?
Do you practice thumbs forward and pressing? Throttling the opponent? Lifting or pulling? From all directions?
Do you practice defending against these attacks in a dynamic environment? Do you practice using these techniques in sparring to weaken and overcome your opponent? Do you incorporate regular attacks against opponent's breathing and blood flow into your combinations, such as partial strangulation or smothering your opponent when fighting in close?
What kinds of activities or exercises do you do to improve this skill? Here are some drills to help!
Static Drill-
Opponent at 12, Attacks with Long Range Double Handed Grab to student's throat. Student attacks Opponent's Stance and Position with Strikes. (Angles of Execution, Weapons, Targets, Leverage)
Dynamic Drill-
Opponent at 12, Attacks with Long Range Double Handed Grab to student's throat. Opponent Moves dynamically, Manipulating student's Positions and Changing Stances. Student practices Strikes to Opponent's Body. (Openings, Bracing Lines, Range and Angles)
Static Drill-
Opponent at 12. Student stands Inside and alternates attacks to Opponent's air with one hand and strikes and grabs with the other. (One side strangles, Hands covering Opponent's mouth and nose, One Arm Guillotine)
Dynamic Drill-
Both Students Spar, close range. Lead Hand Attacks to Air/Rear Hand Strikes to Body (increasing speed and intensity)
Static Drill-
Chokes and Strangulations from 6
Students Drill both as Attacks and Defenses from
Dynamic Drill-
Student sparring with Opponent at 12, Opponent at 6 spontaneously attacks with choke or strangulation, Student must defend. (Attacker at 12 may continue to attack)
Static Drill-
Ground Fighting Choking and Positional Asphyxia
Moving to Positions (North South, Scarf/Reverse Scarf, Mount) in order to crush or smother Opponent.
Dynamic Drill-
Grappling to Submission, Incorporating Attacks on Opponent's Air
Static Drill-
Student practices Transitioning from Rear Bearhug (one arm pinned) to Sleeper Hold (one arm in) to Throw or Hang, and from Rear Bearhug (both arms pinned) to Rear Naked Choke Hold (or Rear Hanging Guillotine) to Dragdown or Hang.
Dynamic Drill-
Students Begin in Front Bearhug (both arms free) and fights to take Rear Position, Transitions from there to Choke or Strangulation to Takedown to Finish. (increasing intensity and speed)
Ground Fighting-
Students practice Falling safely while holding Opponent (Back, Forward, Side, Opponent Facing Towards or Away).
Students practice Transition to Rear Position when Standing in Top Position (Crescent Stepping, Waterwheel Technique), Takedowns from Rear Position
Students practice Rolling Opponent from Mount using Cross Arm Grabs and Checks
Students practice Positioning for Air while Mounted and In Mount, shifting to either crush or free the upper torso
Give those drills a try. Remember, these are dangerous techniques. Never hold a strangle more than six seconds, always take time to recover between each technique, and ALWAYS TAP!!! No tough guys!
Here I'm defining strangulation as the prevention of oxygen to the brain, and choking as the prevention of air to the lungs.
Do you work these techniques on partners? Do you practice attacking and defending against these techniques? Standing and on the ground?
Do you practice tool assisted chokes and strangulations? Cords? Smothering? What about positional asphyxia? Do you practice defending against someone sitting on your chest and compressing your lungs?
Do you practice thumbs forward and pressing? Throttling the opponent? Lifting or pulling? From all directions?
Do you practice defending against these attacks in a dynamic environment? Do you practice using these techniques in sparring to weaken and overcome your opponent? Do you incorporate regular attacks against opponent's breathing and blood flow into your combinations, such as partial strangulation or smothering your opponent when fighting in close?
What kinds of activities or exercises do you do to improve this skill? Here are some drills to help!
Static Drill-
Opponent at 12, Attacks with Long Range Double Handed Grab to student's throat. Student attacks Opponent's Stance and Position with Strikes. (Angles of Execution, Weapons, Targets, Leverage)
Dynamic Drill-
Opponent at 12, Attacks with Long Range Double Handed Grab to student's throat. Opponent Moves dynamically, Manipulating student's Positions and Changing Stances. Student practices Strikes to Opponent's Body. (Openings, Bracing Lines, Range and Angles)
Static Drill-
Opponent at 12. Student stands Inside and alternates attacks to Opponent's air with one hand and strikes and grabs with the other. (One side strangles, Hands covering Opponent's mouth and nose, One Arm Guillotine)
Dynamic Drill-
Both Students Spar, close range. Lead Hand Attacks to Air/Rear Hand Strikes to Body (increasing speed and intensity)
Static Drill-
Chokes and Strangulations from 6
Students Drill both as Attacks and Defenses from
Dynamic Drill-
Student sparring with Opponent at 12, Opponent at 6 spontaneously attacks with choke or strangulation, Student must defend. (Attacker at 12 may continue to attack)
Static Drill-
Ground Fighting Choking and Positional Asphyxia
Moving to Positions (North South, Scarf/Reverse Scarf, Mount) in order to crush or smother Opponent.
Dynamic Drill-
Grappling to Submission, Incorporating Attacks on Opponent's Air
Static Drill-
Student practices Transitioning from Rear Bearhug (one arm pinned) to Sleeper Hold (one arm in) to Throw or Hang, and from Rear Bearhug (both arms pinned) to Rear Naked Choke Hold (or Rear Hanging Guillotine) to Dragdown or Hang.
Dynamic Drill-
Students Begin in Front Bearhug (both arms free) and fights to take Rear Position, Transitions from there to Choke or Strangulation to Takedown to Finish. (increasing intensity and speed)
Ground Fighting-
Students practice Falling safely while holding Opponent (Back, Forward, Side, Opponent Facing Towards or Away).
Students practice Transition to Rear Position when Standing in Top Position (Crescent Stepping, Waterwheel Technique), Takedowns from Rear Position
Students practice Rolling Opponent from Mount using Cross Arm Grabs and Checks
Students practice Positioning for Air while Mounted and In Mount, shifting to either crush or free the upper torso
Give those drills a try. Remember, these are dangerous techniques. Never hold a strangle more than six seconds, always take time to recover between each technique, and ALWAYS TAP!!! No tough guys!
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